The feasibility of including sustainability in LCA for product development

The feasibility of combining the concept of sustainability principles and the methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is examined. The goal is to achieve an operational tool that incorporates sustainability in product development and strategic planning. While the method outlined has the structure of LCA, it emphasises aspects and parameters often omitted from traditional LCA. The analysis and results can be either qualitative or semi-quantitative. Although a qualitative analysis is less time consuming, it can still highlight the important issues. Qualitative information, which is easily lost in a quantitative analysis, can be emphasised. One of the conclusions is that the method is well suited for screening analysis.     

噪声的污染与治理

介绍了大庆石化总厂化工二厂生产装置的噪声污染情况，防治措施。对今后噪声治理提出了设想．     

Software as a bridge between theory and practice in life cycle assessment

Three mutually dependent elements are required for the application of life cycle assessment: methodology, data and software. Obviously, the design of software is determined by the methodology and the type of data available. Conversely, the development of software dictates the way in which data should be collected and recorded, and improves the theoretical framework, as it forces one to state the principles clearly and unambiguously. The influence of the development of software on both data and methodology is addressed and illustrated by examples, with reference to two key terms: transparency and explicitness. Three types of influence are distinguished: the design of a protocol, the formulation in terms of recipes, and the presentation of data.     

The application of life cycle assessment to design

This paper explores the practical application of life cycle assessment (LCA) to product system development. While life cycle assessment methods have been studied and demonstrated extensively over the last two decades, their application to product design and development has not been critically addressed. Many organizational and operational factors limit the integration of the three LCA components (inventory analysis, impact assessment and improvement assessment) with product development. Design of the product system can be considered a synthesis of individual decisions and choices made by the design team, which ultimately shape the system's environmental profile. The environmental goal of life cycle design is to minimize the aggregate environmental impacts associated with the product system. Appropriate environmental information must be supplied to decision makers throughout each stage of the development process to achieve this goal. LCA can serve as a source of this information, but informational requirements can vary as the design moves from its conceptual phase, where many design choices are possible, to its detailed design and implementation. Streamlined approaches and other tools, such as design checklists, are essential. The practical use of this tool in product development also depends on the nature and complexity of the product system (e.g. new vs. established), the product development cycle (time-to-market constraints), availability of technical and financial resources, and the design approach (integrated vs. serial). These factors will influence the role and scope of LCA in product development. Effective communication and evaluation of environmental information and the integration of this information with cost, performance, cultural and legal criteria will also be critical to the success of design initiatives based on the life cycle framework. An overview of several of these design initiatives will be presented.     

生态农业建设中的水资源生命周期及系统功能响应

论文从生命周期角度，对原先自然环境恶劣、通过生态农业建设取得了良好效果的3个生态农业县的水资源利用进行了全过程研究。结果表明，水资源生命周期过程的进展情况受多种因素影响。目前，各生态农业县水资源生命周期过程仍处在发育的初级阶段。这一过程的完整性与系统生态、经济和社会功能的提高成正比。     

BP网络应用于大气环境监测点的优选

为了对大气环境监测点进行优化选择 ,以大气质量分级标准为训练样本 ,构造BP网络进行训练 ,用训练好的BP网络对某地的大气环境监测采样点进行了优选 ,并与物元分析法优选结果进行比较。结果表明 ,BP网络用于环境测点优选具有较好的客观性和应用性     

生命周期评价在水泥企业清洁生产审核中的应用

利用生命周期评价工具对企业的生产过程进行全面分析与评价，做好企业清洁生产的审核工作具有重要理论研究价值和现实应用意义。运用生命周期评价方法对重庆小南海水泥厂普通硅酸盐水泥生产过程进行了初步评价，认识了普通硅酸盐水泥生产过程的环境协调性，为普通硅酸盐水泥进一步提高环境性能提供了理论依据。     

略论中国绿色社区建设

绿色社区建设在中国刚刚起步 ,这是一种全新的发展理念、发展目标和发展模式 ,是实施可持续发展战略的现实要求 ,是加快中国城市化进程的必然选择 ,是全面建设小康社会的重要内涵 ,是创造绿色文明的热切呼唤。建设绿色社区具有重要的理论指导意义和实践示范作用。     

Chinese life cycle impact assessment factors

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＬｉｆｅｃｙｃｌｅａｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔ(ＬＣＡ)ｉｓａｎｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｔｏｏｌｔｈａｔｉｓｕｓｅｄｔｏｅｘａｍｉｎｅａｎｄｅｖａｌｕａｔｅｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｉｍｐａｃｔｓａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｅｘｉｓｔｅｎｃｅｏｆｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ(Ｊｅｎｓｅｎ,1998;Ｗｅｉｄｅｍａ,1997;Ｗｅｎｚｅｌ,1997).ＴｈｅｆｏｃｕｓｏｆＬＣＡｉｓｏｎｔｈｅｅｎｔｉｒｅｌｉｆｅｃｙｃｌｅｏｆｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔ,ｉ.ｅ.ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉ…     

弹用聚酰胺材料老化试验研究

以聚酰胺材料老化试验为例,讨论了储存寿命预测的分析技术、试验设计技术;提出了影响试验准确性的因素和解决问题的方法,因素包括试验样品选择、考核性能选择、试验方法选择、产品环境剖面分析、热老化温度确定等。